Br2, Cl2 UV light Free radical Substitution alkane haloalkane alkene alcohol aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid dihalogenoalkane Br2, Cl2 room temp Electrophilic addition HBr , HCl room temp Electrophilic addition If primary Na2Cr2O7 /H+ heat gently and distill partial oxidation If secondary Na2Cr2O7 /H+ heat under reflux oxidation (If primary) Na2Cr2O7 /H+ heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent Oxidation poly(alkene) high pressure Catalyst polymerization KOH aqueous heat under reflux Nucleophilic substitution H2, Nickel Catalyst addition/reduction Conc H2SO4 + sodium halide Heat under reflux substitution Conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4 S
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4.2.3 Organic synthesis
Synthetic routes (b) for an organic molecule containing several functional groups: (i) identification of individual functional groups (ii) prediction of properties and reactions Learners will be expected to identify the functional groups encountered in Module 4. HSW3 Development of synthetic routes. (c) two-stage synthetic routes for preparing organic compounds. Learners will be expected to be able to devise twostage synthetic routes by applying transformations between all functional groups encountered up to this point of the specification. Extra information may be provided on exam papers to extend the learner’s toolkit of organic reactions. HSW3 Development of synthetic routes.