1 Electronic structure

 

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2.2.1 electronics structure Page 1

Oxford Textbook Pages : 54 - 58

CGP Revision Guide Pages : 40 - 41

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Show Specification Ref : 2.2.1a, 2.2.1b, 2.2.1c, 2.2.1d

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Question 1 / 5

AQA Jan 2011 Paper 1 Q1 section a answer all questions in the spaces provided do not write outside the box a water can be found as ice water and steam the following diagram shows the arrangement of some of the water molecules in a crystal of ice with reference to the structure shown above give one reason why ice is less dense than water mark b water and methane have similar relative molecular masses and both contain the element hydrogen the table below gives some information about water and methane mr melting point k h o ch b i state the strongest type of intermolecular force holding the water molecules together in the ice crystal mark b ii state the strongest type of intermolecular force in methane mark wmp jan chem do not write outside the box b iii give one reason why the melting point of ice is higher than the melting point of methane mark c a molecule of h o can react with an h ion to form an h o ion c i draw and name the shape of the h o ion include any lone pairs of electrons shape of the h o ion name of shape marks c ii suggest a value for the bond angle in the h o ion mark c iii identify one molecule with the same number of atoms the same number of electrons and the same shape as the h o ion mark d water can also form the hydroxide ion state the number of lone pairs of electrons in the hydroxide ion mark turn over wmp jan chem
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Question 2 / 5

AQA Jun 2010 Paper 1 Q2 the following diagram shows the first ionisation energies of some period elements do not write outside the box first ionisation energy kj mol na mg al si cl a draw a cross on the diagram to show the first ionisation energy of aluminium mark b write an equation to show the process that occurs when the first ionisation energy of aluminium is measured marks c state which of the first second or third ionisations of aluminium would produce an ion with the electron configuration s s p s mark d explain why the value of the first ionisation energy of sulfur is less than the value of the first ionisation energy of phosphorus marks extra space wmp jun chem do not write outside the box e identify the element in period that has the highest first ionisation energy and give its electron configuration element electron configuration marks f state the trend in first ionisation energies in group from beryllium to barium explain your answer in terms of a suitable model of atomic structure trend explanation marks extra space turn over for the next question turn over wmp jun chem do not write outside the box in this question give all your answers to three significant figures magnesium nitrate decomposes on heating to form magnesium oxide nitrogen dioxide and oxygen as shown in the following equation mg no s mgo s no g o g a thermal decomposition of a sample of magnesium nitrate produced g of magnesium oxide a i calculate the amount in moles of mgo in g of magnesium oxide marks a ii calculate the total amount in moles of gas produced from this sample of magnesium nitrate mark b in another experiment a different sample of magnesium nitrate decomposed to produce mol of gas calculate the volume in dm that this gas would occupy at k and pa the gas constant r j k mol marks extra space wmp jun chem
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Question 3 / 5

AQA Jun 2012 Paper 1 Q1 section a answer all questions in the spaces provided do not write outside the box the element rubidium exists as the isotopes rb and rb a state the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom of the isotope rb number of protons number of neutrons marks b i explain how the gaseous atoms of rubidium are ionised in a mass spectrometer marks b ii write an equation including state symbols to show the process that occurs when the first ionisation energy of rubidium is measured mark c the table shows the first ionisation energies of rubidium and some other elements in the same group element sodium potassium rubidium first ionisation energy kj mol state one reason why the first ionisation energy of rubidium is lower than the first ionisation energy of sodium mark wmp jun chem do not write outside the box d i state the block of elements in the periodic table that contains rubidium mark d ii deduce the full electron configuration of a rubidium atom mark e a sample of rubidium contains the isotopes rb and rb only the isotope rb has an abundance times greater than that of rb calculate the relative atomic mass of rubidium in this sample give your answer to one decimal place marks f by reference to the relevant part of the mass spectrometer explain how the abundance of an isotope in a sample of rubidium is determined name of relevant part explanation marks g predict whether an atom of sr will have an atomic radius that is larger than smaller than or the same as the atomic radius of rb explain your answer atomic radius of sr compared to rb explanation marks turn over wmp jun chem compound x is shown below it is a member of a homologous series of hydrocarbons do not write outside the box h h ccch c h a i deduce the general formula of the homologous series that contains x mark a ii name a process used to obtain a sample of x from a mixture containing other members of the same homologous series mark b there are several isomers of x b i give the iupac name of the position isomer of x mark b ii draw the structure of a functional group isomer of x c at high temperatures one molecule of c h can be converted into two molecules of x and one molecule of another compound c i write an equation for this reaction mark mark wmp jun chem
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Question 4 / 5

AQA Jan 2011 Paper 5 Q4 do not write outside the box three characteristic properties of transition metals are complex formation coloured ions and catalytic activity a state the feature of transition metals that gives rise to these characteristic properties mark b state a fourth characteristic property of transition metals mark c for each of the following shapes of complex identify an appropriate example by drawing its structure c i a linear complex c ii a square planar complex c iii a tetrahedral complex question continues on the next page mark mark mark turn over wmp jan chem do not write outside the box d the chemical industry makes use of the catalytic activity of transition metal compounds for example vanadium v oxide is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the contact process d i write an equation for the overall reaction in the contact process mark d ii explain the meaning of the term heterogeneous as applied to a catalyst mark d iii write two equations to illustrate how vanadium v oxide acts as a catalyst in the contact process equation equation marks d iv suggest what is done to a heterogeneous catalyst such as vanadium v oxide to maximise its efficiency and how this is achieved marks wmp jan chem do not write outside the box e the porphyrin ring is a multidentate ligand that is found in living systems complexed with iron ii ions in haemoglobin and with cobalt ii ions in vitamin b e i give the meaning of the term multidentate mark e ii a porphyrin ring can be represented by the symbol pr it reacts with aqueous iron ii ions as shown in the equation below the enthalpy change for this reaction is approximately zero pr aq fe h o aq fepr h o aq h o i explain why the free energy change for this reaction is negative marks e iii in vitamin b the cobalt ii ion is co ordinated to a porphyrin ring a cyanide cn ion and an additional unidentate ligand the cyanide ion is very toxic predict the co ordination number of the cobalt ion in vitamin b suggest why vitamin b is not toxic co ordination number reason why vitamin b is not toxic marks turn over wmp jan chem
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Question 5 / 5

AQA Jun 2011 Paper 5 Q7 section b answer all questions in the spaces provided do not write outside the box this question is about copper chemistry a aqueous copper ii ions cu h o aq are blue a i with reference to electrons explain why aqueous copper ii ions are blue marks extra space a ii by reference to aqueous copper ii ions state the meaning of each of the three terms in the equation e hv marks extra space wmp jun chem do not write outside the box a iii write an equation for the reaction in aqueous solution between cu h o and an excess of chloride ions state the shape of the complex produced and explain why the shape differs from that of the cu h o ion marks extra space b draw the structure of the ethanedioate ion c o explain how this ion is able to act as a ligand marks question continues on the next page turn over wmp jun chem do not write outside the box c when a dilute aqueous solution containing ethanedioate ions is added to a solution containing aqueous copper ii ions a substitution reaction occurs in this reaction four water molecules are replaced and a new complex is formed c i write an ionic equation for the reaction give the co ordination number of the complex formed and name its shape marks c ii in the complex formed the two water molecules are opposite each other draw a diagram to show how the ethanedioate ions are bonded to a copper ion and give a value for one of the o cu o bond angles you are not required to show the water molecules marks wmp jun chem
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