General properties of transition metals. transition metal characteristics of elements Sc Cu arise from an incomplete d sub-level in atoms or ions Sc 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d1 Ti 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d2 V 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d3 Cr 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s13d5 Mn 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d5 Fe 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d6 Co 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d7 Ni 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d8 Cu 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s13d10 Zn 1s22s22p63s23p6 4s23d10 Sc 3+ [Ar] 4s03d0 Ti 3+ [Ar] 4s03d1 V 3+ [Ar] 4s03d2 Cr 3+ [Ar] 4s03d3 Mn 2+ [Ar] 4s03d5 Fe 3+ [Ar] 4s03d5 Co 2+ [Ar] 4s03d7 Ni 2+ [Ar] 4s03d8 Cu 2+ [Ar] 4s03d9 Zn 2+ [Ar] 4s03d10 When forming ions lose 4s before 3d Why is Zn not a transition metal? Zn can only form a +2 ion. In this ion the Zn2+ has a complete d orbital and so does not meet the criteria of having an incomplete d orbital in one of its compounds. these characteristics include •complex formation, •formation of coloured ions, •variable oxidation state •catalytic activity.
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3.2.5.1 General properties of transition metals (A-level only)
Transition metal characteristics of elements Ti–Cu arise from an incomplete d sub-level in atoms or ions.
The characteristic properties include:
• complex formation
• formation of coloured ions
• variable oxidation state
• catalytic activity.